On the 19 September 2016, the International Brain Initiative was announced by US Under Secretary of State Thomas Shannon at a meeting that accompanied the United Nations’ General Assembly in New York City. The Academy of Sciences Malaysia and the Malaysian Industry-Government group for High Technology has been working hard to project the future of big data and neurotechnology usage up to the year 2050.
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The developed image processing software based on multi-thresholding method showed promising results to detect different type of materials with various concentrations, which can aid in detecting different types of plaques in coronary heart disease. However, it had the ability to detect the solutions with high concentration from each material. The developed multi-thresholding algorithm was unable to distinguish between low concentration solutions. The mean percentage differences of CT numbers obtained from new algorithm, Weasis software and Syngro software show no significant difference. The developed automatic multi-thresholding algorithm can differentiate solutions with high concentration from different type of materials. The results were compared with the Weasis software v1.2.7 and Somaris7/Syngro CT2012B to verify the new algorithm. The developed image processing software was used to evaluate the CT numbers of each type of solution. The pitch and slice thickness selected were 0.6 mm and 1 mm respectively.
Five energies (70, 80,100, 20 and 140 kVp) were applied to produce the single-energy images, while only two energies with high (140 Kvp) and low voltages (80 kVp) were used to produce the fused CT images. The eight solutions were placed into a PMMA container, which was filled with water and scanned using a single-source dual energy CT that is capable of producing single and dual-energy images. Five different concentrations of calcium chloride, and two different concentrations of iron (III) nitrate and sunflower oil were used. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a new automated quantification technique in differentiating different types of materials using the single-energy and dual-energy computed tomography (CT). A 1-day double-acquisition protocol should be used to reduce false-positive findings of the gut. In summary, 99mTc-TOC represents a useful radiotracer in imaging SSTR-expressing tumor lesions with slightly higher sensitivity, higher imaging quality, and lower radiation exposure for patients compared to ¹¹¹In-octreotide. From these data, a sensitivity of 81%, specificity of 90%, positive predictive value of 94%, and negative predictive value of 69% were calculated. The scintigraphy was true positive in 17 patients, true negative in 9, false negative in 4, and false positive in 1. In 31 patients, 34 somatostatin receptor scans using 99mTc-Hynic-TOC were performed. The scintigraphic findings were compared with computed tomography scans and follow-up. 99mTc-Hynic-TOC was used for assessing primary diagnosis (n = 14) and during follow-up (n = 17) in patients with NETs.
In comparison to ¹¹¹In-octreotide, 99mTc-Hynic-TOC has a higher imaging quality and leads to a lower radiation absorption in patients. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of 99mTc-Hynic-TOC imaging in the primary diagnosis and follow-up of midgut neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).
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